LAST EDITED ON
Oct-07-02 AT 06:09 PM (ET)
Yesterday at our desk at the protest in NYC i received
the information, that BEFORE the Twin Towers collapsed, the
seismic rates jumped to 2.1/2.3.
(please bear with me, if this was not paraphrased
scientifically correct)
I know the guy who runs the Flight93 seismic page, but
never heard about irregularities at the Twin Towers as well.
My source told me to look at the official website of the
Columbia University Earth Institute.
Unfortunately i have no time to analyse and even read my
search results, but i hope i found and pasted the correct
page and you are able to scoop it down on credibility or if
it fits the original statement:
http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/news/story11_16_01.html
Earth Institute News
posted 11/16/01
Contact:
Danielle Bizzarro For Immediate Release
Columbia Earth
Institute
(212) 854-7893
dbiz@ldeo.columbia.edu
Harvey Leifert
America Geophysical Union
(202)
777-7507
hleifert@agu.org
Damage to Buildings Near World Trade Center Towers Caused
by Falling Debris and Air Pressure Wave, Not by Ground
Shaking, Columbia Seismologists Report in November 20 issue
of Eos
Researchers Call for Seismographic Stations in
Urban Areas
On September 11, seismographs operated by Columbia
University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades,
New York, recorded seismic signals produced by the impacts
of the two aircraft hitting the Twin Towers of the World
Trade Center, and the Towers’ subsequent collapse. While the
ground shaking was consistent with the energy released by
small earthquakes, it was not sufficient to cause the
collapse of or damage to the surrounding buildings, as some
have thought. Rather, the buildings around the Twin Towers
were impacted both by the kinetic energy of falling debris
and by the pressure exerted on the buildings by a dust- and
particle- laden blast produced by the collapse.
Writing in the November 20 issue of Eos, published by the
American Geophysical Union, seismologists from Columbia’s
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory outline the sequence of
seismographic recordings on that tragic day, and argue that
vibrations recorded on September 11 were of a magnitude
thought to be too low to cause structural damage to
buildings, especially in the northeast region of the United
States.
However, the authors add that because there were no
seismographic stations in or even near the World Trade
Center, it is impossible to know for sure that the
ground-shaking did not have any impact on the neighboring
buildings. Ultimately, they say, urban officials should
consider the importance of placing seismographic stations in
high-density urban areas.
"Our recordings were made at considerable distance," said
Won-Young Kim, who is in charge of seismological network
operations for Lamont-Doherty. "However, plans are pending
for an Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) that calls
for placing seismic instruments in such urban areas as New
York City. The tragic events of September 11 show that such
instrumentation can serve a purpose that sometimes
transcends strict earthquake applications."

Seismic
recordings on E-W component at Palisades, NY for events at
World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, distance 34 km.
Three hours of continuous data shown starting at 08:40 EDT
(12:40 UTC). Two largest signals were generated by collapses
of Towers 1 and 2. Expanded views of first impact and first
collapse shown in red. Displacement amplitude spectra in
nm-s from main impacts and collapses shown at right. Note
broadband nature of spectra for collapses 1 and 2, whereas
relatively periodicmotions for impacts 1 & 2.
The paper was authored by 12 researchers at Lamont,
including Kim; Lynn Sykes; Klaus Jacob, Paul Richards and
Arthur Lerner-Lam. Lerner-Lam is the director of Columbia’s
new Center for Hazards and Risk Research.
Lerner-Lam explained what happened once the planes hit
the World Trade Center, and how they resulted in relatively
small seismographic readings.
"The energy contained in the amount of fuel combusted was
the equivalent to the energy released by 240 tons of TNT,"
said Lerner-Lam. "This energy was absorbed by the buildings
and produced the observed fireballs, but did not immediately
cause the collapse. During the collapse, most of the energy
of the falling debris was absorbed by the towers and the
neighboring structures, converting them into rubble and dust
or causing other damage– but not causing significant ground
shaking."
Seismographic recordings of the tower collapses were
recorded in five states, as far away as 428 kilometers
<266 miles> in Lisbon, New Hampshire. Lamont’s home
station, in Palisades, New York, is located above the Hudson
River, 34 kilometers <21 miles> from downtown
Manhattan, where the towers stood. The aircraft impacts
registered local magnitude (ML) 0.9 and 0.7, indicating
minimal earth shaking as a result. The subsequent collapse
of the towers, on the contrary, registered magnitudes of 2.1
and 2.3, comparable to the small earthquake that occurred
beneath the east side of Manhattan on January 17, 2001.
The Lamont seismographs established the following
timeline: 8:46:26 a.m. EDT <1240 UTC> Aircraft impact
- north tower, Magnitude 0.9; 9:02:54 a.m. EDT <1302
UTC> Aircraft impact - south tower, Magnitude 0.7;
9:59:04 a.m. EDT <1359 UTC> Collapse - south tower,
Magnitude 2.1; 10:28:31 a.m. EDT <1428 UTC> Collapse -
north tower, Magnitude 2.3.
In addition, the seismic waves were short-period surface
waves, meaning they traveled within the upper few kilometers
of the Earth’s crust. They were caused by the interaction
between the ground and the building foundation, which
transmits the energy from the impacts and the collapses.
The authors also noted that as seen in television images,
the fall of the towers was similar to that of a pyroclastic
flow down a volcano, where hot dust and chunks of material
move in a dust/mud matrix down the volcano’s slope. The
collapse of the WTC generated such a flow, though without
the high temperatures common in volcanic flows.
The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory operates 34
seismographic stations in the northeast in collaboration
with several institutions. Network operations are supported
by the United States Geological Survey. The network is part
of the Advanced National Seismic System, a national
seismological monitoring initiative being implemented
through a USGS-university partnership.
The paper by Won-Young Kim, Lynn R. Sykes, J.H. Armitage,
J.K. Xie, Klaus H. Jacob, Paul G. Richards, M. West, F.
Waldhauser, J. Armbruster, L. Seeber, W.X. Du, and Arthur
Lerner-Lam, "Seismic Waves Generated by Aircraft Impacts and
Building Collapses at World Trade Center, New York City,"
appears in Eos, Volume 82, number 47 (20 November 2001),
page 565.
Journalists may request a copy of the paper from Harvey
Leifert, hleifert@agu.org, specifying a pdf or fax
version. Please include your name, publication, postal
address, phone, fax, and email address. There is no embargo.
To speak with any of the researchers listed above, please
contact Stacey Gander, Administrative Assistant, at
Columbia’s Center for Hazards and Risk Research: (845)
365-8909 or staceyv@ldeo.columbia.edu.
Web site for the Lamont-Doherty Cooperative Seismographic
Network:
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/LCSN/
The Columbia Earth Institute
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